Fig. 5: Nadira, who often played a spirited and exuberant woman, performs the ‘weaker sex’ in Nagma (dir. Naqshab, 1953) and draws attention to her attractiveness and charm via hand gestures that re-frame the face.

Fig. 13: ‘Shattered Illusions’ by Oommen, The Leader, 26 September 1947, p. 4. Courtesy British Library, London.

KING, 50's, 25 Ps, DELUXE MATCHES, SAFETY MATCHES, SENTHIL MATCH WORKS, ETTAYAPURAM. Printed matchbox label, mid-late 20th c., 3.5 cm x 5 cm, Gautam Hemmady collection, New Delhi, India. [2.004.005]

[TAMIL TEXT] PRICE RE. 0.06. YESPI MATCH INDIA. Colour printed matchbox label, vertical, mid-late 20^th C, 3.5 cm x 5 cm, Gautam Hemmady Collection, New Delhi, India. [11.370.003]

INDIAS PRIDE. H.H.THE THAKIR OF LIMRI, MADE IN AUSTRIA. Colour printed matchbox label, vertical, mid-late 20th C, 3.5 cm x 5 cm, Gautam Hemmady Collection, New Delhi, India. [19.121.005]

RAJA. 50'S PRICE 13 PS. CERTIFIED BY KVIC. JEGAJOTHI MATCH INDUSTRIES, SATTUR.  Colour printed matchbox label, horizontal, mid-late 20^th C, 5 cm x 3.5 cm, Gautam Hemmady Collection, New Delhi, India. [2.304.002]

 

Hinddevi (Mother India) by A.D.Dave, c. 1945, L.P. Joshi Art Works, Dakor, lithograph, 15 x 20 cm. Collection of Erwin Neumayer and Christine Schelberger, Vienna. [# 111]

Makai (corn), 50’s PRICE 17 Ps., REGD. NO. 275061, SAFETY MATCHES, PRABHAT MATCH FACTORY, ETTAYAPURAM, Printed matchbox label, mid-late 20th c., 3.5 cm x 5 cm, Gautam Hemmady Collection, New Delhi, India. [2.122.002]

BHARAT MATA, A.B., SAFETY MATCHES, Printed matchbox labels, early-mid 20th c., 3.5 cm x 5 cm, Gautam Hemmady Collection, New Delhi, India. [19.045.002]

Fig. 09: Beautification mural made by artist J.P. Krishna depicting the Mamallapuram UNESCO heritage site. Anna Salai, Chennai, May 2009. Photograph by McKay Savage.

Depiction of Ravidas in association with Mahatma Buddha. Printer/publisher: Samyak Parkashan, New Delhi, 2005 Purchased from: Dr. Mahesh Prasad Ahirwar, Department of Ancient Indian History Archaeology and Culture, Banaras Hindu University, Banaras. Book Cover: Sant Raidas Ki Bani Mein Bauddh Chintan (Buddhist Philosophy in the text of Sant Ravidas) by Bhadrasheel Rawat.

Fig. 02. Simmy talks on the phone, ignoring Raghav. A screenshot. Raman Raghav 2.0. Dir. Anurag Kashyap, Phantom Films, Reliance Entertainment, DVD, 2016.

Fig. 6: ‘A cigar is [not] just a cigar’ – Motilal in Garje (dir. R.D. Mathur, 1948).