Fig. 12: Poster for Raj Kapoor’s 1978 film Satyam Shivam Sundaram, where the lovers are shown against the backdrop of the temple that is a significant site within the film’s narrative.

Fig. 13: Calendar by S Courtallam depicting Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal against the backdrop of the Taj Mahal, the monument to their love. (Courtesy Patricia and JPS Uberoi.)

Fig. 14: The (outdoor) seduction of the sage Vishwamitra by the nymph Menaka, featured on a 1987 calendar for Hico by SM Pandit.

Fig. 15: ‘I Love You’ by SM Kumar, 1976 calendar design. The figures resemble Rishi Kapoor and Dimple Kapadia, stars of the 1973 Hindi film hit Bobby. (Courtesy Patricia and JPS Uberoi.)

Fig. 16: Calendar for Chetak bath soap and Shakti laundry soap (manufactured in Ujjain), featuring a woman picnicking in front of the Taj Mahal. (Courtesy Patricia and JPS Uberoi.)

Mother India by AKS, c. 1948, Oriental Calendar Manufacturing Company, Dumdum, Print, 17.5 x 25 cm. Collection of Erwin Neumayer and Christine Schelberger, Vienna.

Gaudohan (milking the cow), c.1910, Ravi Varma Press, Malavali, and Anant Shivaji Desai, Mumbai, chromolithograph, 24 x 34 cm. Collection of Erwin Neumayer and Christine Schelberger, Vienna.

A Wholesome Diet, January 1889, Hindi Punch, newsprint. Collection of Erwin Neumayer and Christine Schelberger, Vienna.

Wish-fulfilling cow, c. 1880, woodblock print. Collection of Erwin Neumayer and Christine Schelberger, Vienna.

Durga slaying Mahishasur by Durandhar, c. 1920, probably Ravi Varma Press, chromolithograph, 50 x 35.5 cm. Collection of Erwin Neumayer and Christine Schelberger, Vienna.

Ashtabhuja Devi (Durga slaying Mahishasur), c. 1910, Ravi Varma Press, Karla-Lonavla and Anant Shivaji Desai, Mumbai, chromolithograph, 24.5 x 34.5 cm. Collection of Erwin Neumayer and Christine Schelberger, Vienna.

Vir Pratap by L.N.Sharma, 1955, P.P.C. Mehra Printers, Bombay, 22.5 x 32.5 cm. Collection of Erwin Neumayer and Christine Schelberger, Vienna. [#144]

Jay Janani (Hail mother) by Aryan, c. 1950, 24 x 34.5 cm. Collection of Erwin Neumayer and Christine Schelberger, Vienna. [# 145]

Jhansi ki Rani (queen of Jhansi) by Mukesh, c.1985, S.S. Brijbasi & Sons, printed poster, 17 x 24.5 cm. Collection of Erwin Neumayer and Christine Schelberger, Vienna. [#147]

Queen of Jhansi by Dalal, c. 1950, B.P. Studio, offset print, 25 x 34 cm. Collection of Erwin Neumayer and Christine Schelberger, Vienna. [#148]